{"id":97063,"date":"2024-07-15T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/holocaustes\/"},"modified":"2024-10-31T14:28:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T13:28:26","slug":"holocaustes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/holocaustes\/","title":{"rendered":"Holocaustes"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u2018Holocausts\u2019, in the plural: the title of this book [Holocausts: Israel, Gaza and the War against the West<\/em>] is surprising, even disturbing. Isn\u2019t the term reserved exclusively for the Shoah, the Hebrew word for \u2018catastrophe\u2019, which refers to the extermination of the Jews during the Second World War? No. In the literal sense, it describes a religious sacrifice, explains Gilles Kepel, and by extension, its victims and the desire for annihilation that motivates the act. And, since the \u2018razzia\u2019 <\/em>on 7 October 2023, the mutual sacrifices that Israelis and Palestinians inflict on each other are reminiscent of a holocaust, in terms of their scale, their violence and the religious fanaticism that underpins them.<\/h6>
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Kepel<\/span> Gilles, Holocaustes. Isra\u00ebl, Gaza et la guerre contre l\u2019Occident<\/em>, Paris: Plon, March 2024, 216 p.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n \"\"\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n

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As he allowed himself to do in his previous book \u2014\u00a0Le Proph\u00e8te et la pand\u00e9mie[1<\/em>]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/em>\u2014 Gilles Kepel gives us his \u2018on the spot\u2019 analysis of recent events, given the unprecedented and decisive stakes for the world\u2019s equilibrium: The political outcome of a conflict that has lasted more than 70 years, and the possibility of a two-state solution; the balance of power between the regional powers of Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Egypt; the future and positioning of political Islamism, whose most radical movements, both Shiite and Sunni, are lining up behind Iran as part of an \u201caxis of resistance\u201d; and finally, the emergence of a new world order in which a \u201cGlobal South\u201d, led in particular by China and Russia with the enlarged BRICS group,[2]<\/a><\/sup> would take its revenge on the West, whose domination it challenges.<\/p>\n

Both an expert in geopolitics and a specialist in the Arab world, Gilles Kepel has no equal when it comes to analysing the symbolic dimension of acts or putting events into perspective. In his latest book, he sheds light on the three dimensions of the conflict: 1) the confrontation between two radicalisms, both political and religious, and the mechanisms of a spiral of war; 2) the strategies of actors who fear the spread of the conflict or, conversely, exploit regional instability; 3) the instrumentalisation of the concept of genocide for the benefit of a fight against the West and its values.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n

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\n Voir aussi<\/span>\n
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\n \n \"\"<\/a>\n <\/span>\n \n Le Proph\u00e8te et la pand\u00e9mie<\/a>\n \n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n <\/a>\n <\/span>\n
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14 April 2021<\/div>\n FERNANDEZ Justine<\/a>\n
\n 7 min.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n\n Lu, vu, entendu\n <\/a>\n G\u00e9opolitique<\/a>\n Soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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On October 7, 2023, 3,000 fedayeen <\/em>crossed the barriers between Gaza and Israel. This attack is said to have resulted in the deaths of 1,189 Israelis.[3]<\/a><\/sup> Called the \u201cAl-Aqsa Deluge\u201d by the leaders of Hamas, it was a continuation of the second Intifada<\/em>, which took place between 2000 and 2005, and referred to the largest mosque in Jerusalem, a symbol for Muslims of the capture of Palestine by Israel. Its modus operandi<\/em> is reminiscent of the \u201cblessed raids\u201d, reclassified as jihad <\/em>by the conquerors of Islam. The choice of date, 7 October, echoes Osama bin Laden\u2019s first public statement after the \u201cdouble blessed razzia<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/a><\/sup>of 11 September 2001. In both cases, a supposedly invincible enemy staggers forward, provoking fear, particularly among the Jewish people, who believe they are reliving the horror of the Shoah. In this way, the perpetrators of the flood of al-Aqsa have succeeded in Islamising the Palestinian question and exporting it throughout the world, by reactivating an atmospheric jihadism that thrives in the digital space.<\/p>\n

There is still a great deal of uncertainty as to who was behind this attack. Yahya Sinwar, the head of Hamas, is obviously at the helm. His links with Iran date back to 2011, when, after 22 years in Israeli prisons, he met Qassem Soleimani, the head of the Revolutionary Guard Corps. This unholy alliance[5]<\/a><\/sup> is explained as much by a convergence of struggles against common enemies, Israel and the Arab countries that have made pacts with the \u201cLittle Satan\u201d, as by the need for Hamas to find political support after the decline of the Muslim Brotherhood. However, it seems the leader of Hamas is the instigator of the attack. As for Hezbollah and the Houthis, while they have both declared their support, the former has shirked any responsibility while the latter, no doubt mandated by Iran, has unleashed a naval war against Israel and its Western allies.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n

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\n Voir aussi<\/span>\n
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\n \n \"\"<\/a>\n <\/span>\n \n La Col\u00e8re et l\u2019oubli<\/a>\n \n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n <\/a>\n <\/span>\n
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6 December 2023<\/div>\n FERNANDEZ Justine<\/a>\n
\n 6 min.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n\n Read, Seen, Heard\n <\/a>\n Geopolitics<\/a>\n Society<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Faced with Hamas, the Hebrew state is fractured. The still numerous and strongly mobilised supporters[6]<\/a><\/sup> of a secular regime are opposed by increasingly powerful religious movements, represented by 32 elected members of the Knesset. Among them, the religious Zionists believe that the \u201cJudaization of the Promised Land will bring about the final redemption\u201d. In this respect, Gilles Kepel observes a striking symmetry between jihadists and the zealots of Judaism, who both \u201cgive a literal and decontextualised reading to the sacred texts of Islam or the Biblical Scriptures\u201d. Benyamin Netanyahu, leader of the Likud party, cannot remain in power without pledging his support to this radical fringe. Hence, his indirect support for Hamas to further weaken the Palestinian Authority, the deployment in the West Bank of military forces formerly assigned to the border with Gaza to support the settlements, and the escalation of violence in Gaza. In fact, two war logics are combined: a disproportionate response to the attack, in accordance with Tsahal doctrine; massacres ordered by a man driven by a destructive and irrational impulse against those who have deceived him personally.<\/p>\n

Under pressure from the United States, but also to restore its image in the eyes of an outraged international public opinion, Israel changed its strategy at the beginning of 2024 and carried out targeted attacks against some leaders of Hamas and the Axis of Resistance. If Tsahal scored points, regional tension reached a climax. Today, among the Middle Eastern powers, only Qatar and Saudi Arabia are credible mediators. The former because, by financing Hamas with the tacit agreement of the Hebrew State, it has always maintained relations with each of the two belligerents; the latter because it is the only country with the investment capacity needed to rebuild Gaza. On two conditions however: that the rights of the Palestinians are recognised, and that the governance of Gaza is removed from the ideological domination of Teheran. Egypt and Jordan, for their part, are caught between the pressure of their public opinion and the visceral fear of having to manage a wave of Palestinian immigration.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n

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\n Voir aussi<\/span>\n
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\n \n \"\"<\/a>\n <\/span>\n \n What if Israel Bombed Iran?<\/a>\n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n <\/a>\n <\/span>\n
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27 October 2023<\/div>\n ANQUEZ Matthieu<\/a>\n
\n 12 min.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n\n Newswatch\n <\/a>\n Geopolitics<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Further afield, the heavyweights of the Global South, embodied by the BRICS+, are capitalising on anti-Western resentment. While China and Russia welcomed the conflict as a godsend, as it diverted Washington\u2019s attention from their military operations in Ukraine and off the coast of Taiwan, South Africa took things a step further: on December 29, 2023, it lodged a complaint with the International Court of Justice, accusing the Jewish state of genocidal intent in Gaza. Although the judgment it handed down a month later merely involved the implementation of provisional measures, the burden was heavy with significance. Israel was founded by the United Nations to protect the victims of genocide, the Shoah. To describe it as a genocidal state would be, the author explains, tantamount to retrospectively delegitimising its creation, thereby damaging the whole of the West, whose support for Israel is a feature of its identity. By extension, describing the massacres of Gazans as genocide could open Pandora\u2019s box on the crimes of colonisation. It is striking in this respect to observe the silence of the West\u2019s critics on the massacres of Ukrainians, \u201cunfortunate citizens of the North\u201d.<\/p>\n

Both the signatories and the architects of the Abraham Accords[7]<\/a><\/sup> thought they could build peace in the Middle East by ignoring the Palestinian question. The current conflict is a cruel reminder that this is not the case, and that the Palestinian question is even a piece of a much larger jigsaw puzzle that stretches as far as American university campuses. Today, anti-Western rhetoric thrives on the ashes of Gaza. Gilles Kepel warns that if the West fails to build a viable Palestinian state, \u201cit will suffer a strategic defeat at the hands of the illiberal axis\u201d that is hostile to it.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n

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\n Voir aussi<\/span>\n
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\n \n \"\"<\/a>\n <\/span>\n \n From Petrodollars to Petroyuans<\/a>\n \n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n <\/a>\n <\/span>\n
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27 March 2023<\/div>\n LAMBLIN V\u00e9ronique<\/a>\n
\n 6 min.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \n <\/use>\n<\/svg>\n\n Newswatch\n <\/a>\n Economics<\/a>\n Geopolitics<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013
N.B.: this article has been translated from French by DeepL, and revised by the author and Futuribles.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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  1. \n

    Kepel<\/span> Gilles, Le Proph\u00e8te et la pand\u00e9mie. Du Moyen-Orient au jihadisme d\u2019atmosph\u00e8re<\/em>, Paris: Gallimard (Esprits du monde), 2021. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    BRICS+: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, joined by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Ethiopia in January 2024. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    According to AFP (Agence France Presse), which cross-referenced data published separately by the Israeli Social Security, the army, the police, Internal Security and the Prime Minister\u2019s office (as at 28 May 2024). \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    This is how the perpetrators of the 11 September 2001 attacks on New York and Washington described them. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Hamas is a Sunni movement, while the Iranians are 90% Shia. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Cf. <\/em>the gigantic wave of protests against the bill to reform the Supreme Court, in the course of 2023. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Peace treaties signed on 15 January 2020 in Washington by the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Israel, followed by normalisation agreements with Morocco and Sudan. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u2018Holocausts\u2019, in the plural: the title of this book [Holocausts: Israel, Gaza and the War against the West] is surprising, even disturbing. Isn\u2019t the term reserved exclusively for the Shoah, the Hebrew word for \u2018catastrophe\u2019, which refers to the extermination of the Jews during the Second World War? No. In the literal sense, it describes … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":92430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[131],"tags":[203],"keyword":[896,1518,1116,1154,982,906,2337],"class_list":["post-97063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-read-seen-heard","tag-geopolitique-en","keyword-relations-internationales-en","keyword-israel-en","keyword-moyen-orient-en","keyword-palestine-en","keyword-religion-en","keyword-guerre-en","keyword-occident-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97063"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99214,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97063\/revisions\/99214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97063"},{"taxonomy":"keyword","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/keyword?post=97063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}